Title | Abstract | NumberCitations | Date | Authors | LinkToPaper |
Disposition of Glucosinolates and Sulforaphane in Humans After Ingestion of Steamed and Fresh Broccoli | The cancer-chemopreventive effects of broccoli may be attributed, in part, to isothiocyanates (ITCs), hydrolysis products of glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are hydrolyzed to their respective ITCs by the enzyme myrosinase, which is inactivated by heat. In this study, the metabolic fate of glucosinolates after ingestion of steamed and fresh broccoli was compared in 12 male subjects in a crossover design. During each 48-hour baseline period, no foods containing glucosinolates or ITCs were allowed. The subjects then consumed 200 g of fresh or steamed broccoli; all other dietary sources of ITCs were excluded. Blood and urine samples were collected during the 24-hour period after broccoli consumption. Total ITC equivalents in broccoli and total ITC equivalents in plasma and urine were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography as the cyclocondensation product of 1,2-benzenedithiol. The content of ITCs in fresh and steamed broccoli after myrosinase treatment was found to be virtually identical (1.1 vs. 1.0 micromol/g wet wt). The average 24-hour urinary excretion of ITC equivalents amounted to 32.3 +/- 12.7% and 10.2 +/- 5.9% of the amounts ingested for fresh and steamed broccoli, respectively. Approximately 40% of total ITC equivalents in urine, 25.8 +/- 13.9 and 6.9 +/- 2.5 micromol for fresh and steamed broccoli, respectively, occurred as the N-acetyl-L-cysteine conjugate of sulforaphane (SFN-NAC). Total ITC metabolites in plasma peaked between 0 and 8 hours, whereas urinary excretion of total ITC equivalents and SFN-NAC occurred primarily between 2 and 12 hours. Results of this study indicate that the bioavailability of ITCs from fresh broccoli is approximately three times greater than that from cooked broccoli, in which myrosinase is inactivated. Considering the cancer-chemopreventive potential of ITCs, cooking broccoli may markedly reduce its beneficial effects on health. | 310 | February 2000 | C. Clifford Conaway, Samuel Getahun, Leonard L. Liebes, Donald J. Pusateri, Debra Topham, María Botero Omary, Fung-Lung Chung | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11819566_Disposition_of_Glucosinolates_and_Sulforaphane_in_Humans_After_Ingestion_of_Steamed_and_Fresh_Broccoli |
Sulforaphane as a Promising Molecule for Fighting Cancer | A number of natural compounds with inhibitory effects on tumorigenesis have been identified from our diet. Several studies have documented the cancer-preventive activity of a significant number of isothiocyanates (ITCs), the majority of which occur in plants, especially in Cruciferous vegetables. The most characterized ITC is sulforaphane (SFN). SFN has received a great deal of attention because of its ability to simultaneously modulate multiple cellular targets involved in cancer development, including: (i) DNA protection by modulating carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and blocking the action of mutagens; (ii) inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, thereby retarding or eliminating clonal expansion of initiated, transformed, and/or neoplastic cells; (iii) inhibition of neoangiogenesis, progression of benign tumors to malignant tumors, and metastasis formation. SFN is therefore able to prevent, delay, or reverse preneoplastic lesions, as well as to act on cancer cells as a therapeutic agent. Taking into account this evidence and its favorable toxicological profile, SFN can be viewed as a conceptually promising agent in cancer prevention and/or therapy. | 261 | May 2007 | Carmela Fimognari, Patrizia Hrelia | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6663666_Sulforaphane_as_a_Promising_Molecule_for_Fighting_Cancer |
Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Sulforaphane for Chemoprevention in the Breast | Consumers of higher levels of Brassica vegetables, particularly those of the genus Brassica (broccoli, Brussels sprouts and cabbage), reduce their susceptibility to cancer at a variety of organ sites. Brassica vegetables contain high concentrations of glucosinolates that can be hydrolyzed by the plant enzyme, myrosinase, or intestinal microflora to isothiocyanates, potent inducers of cytoprotective enzymes and inhibitors of carcinogenesis. Oral administration of either the isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, or its glucosinolate precursor, glucoraphanin, inhibits mammary carcinogenesis in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. In this study, we sought to determine whether sulforaphane exerts a direct chemopreventive action on animal and human mammary tissue. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single 150 mumol oral dose of sulforaphane were evaluated in the rat mammary gland. We detected sulforaphane metabolites at concentrations known to alter gene expression in cell culture. Elevated cytoprotective NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene transcripts were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. An observed 3-fold increase in NQO1 enzymatic activity, as well as 4-fold elevated immunostaining of HO-1 in rat mammary epithelium, provides strong evidence of a pronounced pharmacodynamic action of sulforaphane. In a subsequent pilot study, eight healthy women undergoing reduction mammoplasty were given a single dose of a broccoli sprout preparation containing 200 mumol of sulforaphane. Following oral dosing, sulforaphane metabolites were readily measurable in human breast tissue enriched for epithelial cells. These findings provide a strong rationale for evaluating the protective effects of a broccoli sprout preparation in clinical trials of women at risk for breast cancer. | 260 | August 2007 | Brian S Cornblatt, Lingxiang Ye, Albena T Dinkova-Kostova, Melanie Erb, Jed Fahey, Navin K Singh, Min-Shue A Chen, Tracey Stierer, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Pedram Argani, Nancy E Davidson, Paul Talalay, Thomas W Kensler, Thomas W Kensler, Kala Visvanathan | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6460078_Preclinical_and_Clinical_Evaluation_of_Sulforaphane_for_Chemoprevention_in_the_Breast |
Sulforaphane: Translational research from laboratory bench to clinic | Cruciferous vegetables are widely acknowledged to provide chemopreventive benefits in humans, but they are not generally consumed at levels that effect significant change in biomarkers of health. Because consumers have embraced the notion that dietary supplements may prevent disease, this review considers whether an appropriately validated sulforaphane-yielding broccoli sprout supplement may deliver clinical benefit. The crucifer-derived bioactive phytochemical sulforaphane is a significant inducer of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor that activates the cell's endogenous defenses via a battery of cytoprotective genes. For a broccoli sprout supplement to demonstrate bioactivity in vivo, it must retain both the sulforaphane-yielding precursor compound, glucoraphanin, and the activity of glucoraphanin's intrinsic myrosinase enzyme. Many broccoli sprout supplements are myrosinase inactive, but current labeling does not reflect this. For the benefit of clinicians and consumers, this review summarizes the findings of in vitro studies and clinical trials, interpreting them in the context of clinical relevance. Standardization of sulforaphane nomenclature and assay protocols will be necessary to remove inconsistency and ambiguity in the labeling of currently available broccoli sprout products. | 125 | October 2013 | Christine Houghton, Robert G Fassett, Jeff Scott Coombes | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258034082_Sulforaphane_Translational_research_from_laboratory_bench_to_clinic |
Sulforaphane Bioavailability from Glucoraphanin-Rich Broccoli: Control by Active Endogenous Myrosinase | Glucoraphanin from broccoli and its sprouts and seeds is a water soluble and relatively inertprecursor of sulforaphane, the reactive isothiocyanate that potently inhibits neoplastic cellu-lar processes and prevents a number of disease states. Sulforaphane is difficult to deliver inan enriched and stable form for purposes of direct human consumption. We have focusedupon evaluating the bioavailability of sulforaphane, either by direct administration of glucor-aphanin (a glucosinolate, or β-thioglucoside-N-hydroxysulfate), or by co-administering glu-coraphanin and the enzyme myrosinase to catalyze its conversion to sulforaphane ateconomic, reproducible and sustainable yields. We show that following administration ofglucoraphanin in a commercially prepared dietary supplement to a small number of humanvolunteers, the volunteers had equivalent output of sulforaphane metabolites in their urineto that which they produced when given an equimolar dose of glucoraphanin in a simpleboiled and lyophilized extract of broccoli sprouts. Furthermore, when either broccoli sproutsor seeds are administered directly to subjects without prior extraction and consequentinactivation of endogenous myrosinase, regardless of the delivery matrix or dose, the sulfo-raphane in those preparations is 3- to 4-fold more bioavailable than sulforaphane from glu-coraphanin delivered without active plant myrosinase. These data expand upon earlierreports of inter- and intra-individual variability, when glucoraphanin was delivered in eitherteas, juices, or gelatin capsules, and they confirm that a variety of delivery matrices may beequally suitable for glucoraphanin supplementation (e.g. fruit juices, water, or various typesof capsules and tablets). | 90 | November 2015 | Jed Fahey, W David Holtzclaw, Scott L Wehage, Kristina Wade | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283455819_Sulforaphane_Bioavailability_from_Glucoraphanin-Rich_Broccoli_Control_by_Active_Endogenous_Myrosinase |
Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters? | There is robust epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of broccoli consumptionon health, many of them clearly mediated by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Present in theplant as its precursor, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is formed through the actions of myrosinase,aβ-thioglucosidase present in either the plant tissue or the mammalian microbiome. Since first isolatedfrom broccoli and demonstrated to have cancer chemoprotective properties in rats in the early 1990s,over 3000 publications have described its efficacy in rodent disease models, underlying mechanismsof action or, to date, over 50 clinical trials examining pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics anddisease mitigation. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the relationshipsbetween formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy,and the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane that have been used in pre-clinical and clinicalstudies. We pay special attention to the challenges for better integration of animal model and clinicalstudies, particularly with regard to selection of dose and route of administration. More effort isrequired to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action and to develop and validate biomarkersof pharmacodynamic action in humans. A sobering lesson is that changes in approach will berequired to implement a public health paradigm for dispensing benefit across all spectrums of theglobal population. | 81 | October 201 | Yoko Yagishita, Jed Fahey, Albena T Dinkova-Kostova | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336307001_Broccoli_or_Sulforaphane_Is_It_the_Source_or_Dose_That_Matters |
Isothiocyanate from Broccoli, Sulforaphane, and Its Properties | Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate occurring in stored form as glucoraphanin in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, and at high levels in broccoli especially in broccoli sprouts. Glucoraphanin requires the plant enzyme myrosinase for converting it into sulforaphane. Sulforaphane is metabolized through mercapturic acid pathway, being conjugated with glutathione and undergoes further biotransformation, yielding metabolites. Sulforaphane is extensively investigated and is in the interest in medicine for its health benefits. It has been shown that sulforaphane may protect against various types of cancer, may also decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease, and help in autism and osteoporosis. Our review offers a short summary of interesting properties of sulforaphane. Both the in vitro and in vivo methods/models and clinical studies are mentioned. | 74 | October 2018 | Alena Lecianova, Pavel Anzenbacher, Eva Anzenbacherova | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328593753_Isothiocyanate_from_Broccoli_Sulforaphane_and_Its_Properties |
Sulforaphane: Its “Coming of Age” as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease | A growing awareness of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can influence upstream endogenous cellular defence processes has led to intensified research into their potential relevance in the prevention and treatment of disease. Pharmaceutical medicine has historically looked to plants as sources of the starting materials for drug development; however, the focus of nutraceutical medicine is to retain the plant bioactive in as close to its native state as possible. As a consequence, the potency of a nutraceutical concentrate or an extract may be lower than required for significant gene expression. The molecular structure of bioactive phytochemicals to a large extent determines the molecule’s bioavailability. Polyphenols are abundant in dietary phytochemicals, and extensive in vitro research has established many of the signalling mechanisms involved in favourably modulating human biochemical pathways. Such pathways are associated with core processes such as redox modulation and immune modulation for infection control and for downregulating the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. Although the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic disease continues to be affirmed, direct-acting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and others have not yielded the expected preventive or therapeutic responses, even though several large meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the potential benefit of such supplements. Because polyphenols exhibit poor bioavailability, few of their impressive in vitro findings have been replicated in vivo. SFN, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, emerges as a phytochemical with comparatively high bioavailability. A number of clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to produce favourable outcomes in conditions for which there are few satisfactory pharmaceutical solutions, foreshadowing the potential for SFN as a clinically relevant nutraceutical. Although myrosinase-inert broccoli sprout extracts are widely available, there now exist myrosinase-active broccoli sprout supplements that yield sufficient SFN to match the doses used in clinical trials. | 65 | October 2019 | Christine Houghton | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336559154_Sulforaphane_Its_Coming_of_Age_as_a_Clinically_Relevant_Nutraceutical_in_the_Prevention_and_Treatment_of_Chronic_Disease |
Stabilized sulforaphane for clinical use: Phytochemical delivery efficiency | Scope: The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF) from broccoli, is one of the most potent known inducers of the cytoprotective phase 2 response. Its role in a host of biochemical pathways make it a major component of plant-based protective strategies for enhancing healthspan. Many nutritional supplements are now marketed that purport to contain SF, which in plants exists as a stable precursor, a thioglucoside hydroxysulfate. However, SF in pure form must be stabilized for use in supplements. Methods and results: We evaluated the stability and bioavailability of two stabilized SF preparations - an α-cyclodextrin inclusion (SF-αCD), and a SF-rich, commercial nutritional supplement. SF-αCD area-under-the-curve (AUC) peak serum concentrations occurred at 2 hours, but 6 of 10 volunteers complained of mild stomach upset. After topical application it was not effective in up-regulating cytoprotective enzymes in the skin of SKH1 mice whereas pure SF was effective in doing so. Both of these "stabilized" SF preparations were as potent as pure SF in inducing the cytoprotective response in cultured cells, and they were more stable and as bioavailable. Conclusion: Our studies of a stabilized phytochemical component of foods should encourage further examination of similar products for their utility in chronic disease prevention and therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | 48 | December 2016 | Jed Fahey, Kristina Wade, Scott L Wehage, Walter David Holtzclaw, Hua Liu, Paul Talalay, Edward Fuchs, Katherine K. Stephenson | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311549441_Stabilized_sulforaphane_for_clinical_use_Phytochemical_delivery_efficiency |
Potential health benefits of sulforaphane: A review of the experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidences and underlying mechanisms | Extensive epidemiological evidence and animal experimental studies suggest that cruciferous vegetables may prevent or delay various inflammatory disorders, including cancers. Much of this chemopreventive effect has been attributed to the physiological effect of the isothiocyanates, especially sulforaphane (SF). Sulforaphane has been proven as a potent protector against oxidative damage and carcinogens. A plethora of clinical effects are reported in various experimental diseases as well as human clinical studies. This review summarizes the present knowledge about the health effects of sulforaphane with possible underlying mechanisms for these effects based on the reported in vitro and in vivo studies. These studies suggest that SF has the potential to reduce risk of various types of cancers, diabetes, atherosclerosis, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, ocular disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Traditionally, Nrf2-mediated induction of phase 2 detoxification enzymes has been recognized as the major mechanism by which SF protects cells. However, several recent studies have reported multiple other mechanisms involved in response to SF, including inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and anti-inflammatory effect. It is suggested that these mechanisms work synergistically to provide the observed health effects of sulforaphane. | 40 | February 2011 | Fawzy Elbarbry, Nehad Elrody | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297518615_Potential_health_benefits_of_sulforaphane_A_review_of_the_experimental_clinical_and_epidemiological_evidences_and_underlying_mechanisms |
Enhancing sulforaphane absorption and excretion in healthy men through the combined consumption of fresh broccoli sprouts and a glucoraphanin-rich powder | Sulforaphane (SF) is a chemopreventive isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from glucoraphanin (GRP) hydrolysis by myrosinase, a thioglucoside present in broccoli. The ability of broccoli powders sold as supplements to provide dietary SF is often of concern as many supplements contain GRP, but lack myrosinase. In a previous study, biomarkers of SF bioavailability from a powder rich in GRP, but lacking myrosinase, were enhanced by co-consumption of a myrosinase-containing air-dried broccoli sprout powder. Here, we studied the absorption of SF from the GRP-rich powder used in the previous study, but in combination with fresh broccoli sprouts, which are commercially available and more applicable to the human diet than air-dried sprout powder. A total of four participants each consumed four meals (separated by 1 week) consisting of dry cereal and yogurt with sprouts equivalent to 70 μmol SF, GRP powder equivalent to 120 μmol SF, both or neither. Metabolites of SF were analysed in blood and urine. The 24 h urinary SF-N-acetylcysteine recovery was 65, 60 and 24 % of the dose ingested from combination, broccoli sprout and GRP powder meals, respectively. In urine and plasma, ITC appearance was delayed following the GRP powder meal compared with the sprout and combination meals. Compared with the GRP powder or sprouts alone, combining broccoli sprouts with the GRP powder synergistically enhanced the early appearance of SF, offering insight into the combination of foods for improved health benefits of foods that reduce the risk for cancer. | 39 | September 2011 | Jenna M Cramer, Margarita Teran-Garcia, Elizabeth H Jeffery | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51631307_Enhancing_sulforaphane_absorption_and_excretion_in_healthy_men_through_the_combined_consumption_of_fresh_broccoli_sprouts_and_a_glucoraphanin-rich_powder |
Bioavailability of Glucoraphanin and Sulforaphane From High‐Glucoraphanin Broccoli | Scope: Broccoli accumulates 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) which is hydrolyzed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Through the introgression of novel alleles of the Myb28 transcription factor from Brassica villosa, broccoli genotypes have been developed that have enhanced levels of glucoraphanin. This study sought to quantify the exposure of human tissues to glucoraphanin and sulforaphane following consumption of broccoli with contrasting Myb28 genotypes. Methods and results: Ten participants were recruited into a three-phase, double-blinded, randomized crossover trial (NCT02300324), with each phase comprising consumption of 300 ml of a soup made from broccoli of one of three Myb28 genotypes (Myb28B/B , Myb28B/V , Myb28V/V ). Plant myrosinases were intentionally denatured during soup manufacture. Three-fold and five-fold higher levels of sulforaphane occurred in the circulation following consumption of Myb28V/B and Myb28V/V broccoli soups, respectively. The percentage of sulforaphane excreted in 24 h relative to the amount of glucoraphanin consumed varied amongst volunteers from 2% to 15%, but did not depend on the broccoli genotype. Conclusion: This is the first study to report the bioavailability of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane from soups made with novel broccoli varieties. The presence of one or two Myb28V alleles results in enhanced delivery of sulforaphane to the systemic circulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | 32 | December 2017 | Tharsini Sivapalan, Antonietta Melchini, Shikha Saha, Paul W Needs, Maria Traka, Henri Tapp, Jack R. Dainty, Richard Mithen | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322003364_Bioavailability_of_Glucoraphanin_and_Sulforaphane_From_High-Glucoraphanin_Broccoli |
New highlights on the health-improving effects of sulforaphane | In this paper, we review recent evidence about the beneficial effects of sulforaphane (SFN), which is the most studied member of isothiocyanates, on both in vivo and in vitro models of different diseases, mainly diabetes and cancer. The role of SFN on oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism is discussed, with emphasis on those nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-mediated mechanisms. In the case of the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN the point of convergence seems to be the downregulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), with the consequent amelioration of other pathogenic processes such as hypertrophy and fibrosis. We emphasized that SFN shows opposite effects in normal and cancer cells at many levels; for instance, while in normal cells it has protective actions, in cancer cells it blocks the induction of factors related to the malignity of tumors, diminishes its development, and induces cell death. SFN is able to promote apoptosis in cancer cells by many mechanisms, being the production of reactive oxygen species one of the most relevant. Given its properties, SFN could be considered as a phytochemical at the forefront of natural medicine. | 31 | April 2018 | Alfredo Briones-Herrera, Dianelena Eugenio, Jazmin Gabriela Reyes-Ocampo, Susana Rivera-Mancía, José Pedraza-Chaverri | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324622274_New_highlights_on_the_health-improving_effects_of_sulforaphane |
Current potential health benefits of sulforaphane | 25 | October 2016 | Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310619034_Current_potential_health_benefits_of_sulforaphane | |
Study on the interaction of sulforaphane with human and bovine serum albumins | Sulforaphane; [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl) butane], (SFN) is an isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin present in cruciferous vegetables and has a variety of potential chemopreventive actions. This study was designed to examine the interaction of sulforaphane with HSA and BSA. FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modeling were used to determine the drug binding mode, binding constant and the effect of drug complexation on serum albumins stability and conformation. Structural analysis showed that SFN bind HSA and BSA via polypeptide polar groups with overall binding constants of KSFN-HSA=6.54×10(4) and KSFN-BSA=8.55×10(4)M(-1). HSA and BSA conformations were altered by a major reduction of α-helix upon SFN interaction. These results suggest that serum albumins might act as carrier proteins for SFN in delivering them to target tissues. | 22 | February 2013 | Parvane Abassi, Farzane Abasi, Faramarz Yari, Mehrdad Hashemi, Shohreh Nafisi | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236459265_Study_on_the_interaction_of_sulforaphane_with_human_and_bovine_serum_albumins |
Interaction of sulforaphane with DNA and RNA | Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables with anti-inflam-matory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. However, the antioxidant and anticancermechanism of sulforaphane is not well understood. In the present research, we reportedbinding modes, binding constants and stability of SFN–DNA and -RNA complexes by Fou-rier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–Visible spectroscopic methods. Spectroscopic evi-dence showed DNA intercalation with some degree of groove binding. SFN binds minor andmajor grooves of DNA and backbone phosphate (PO2), while RNA binding is through G, U,A bases with some degree of SFN–phosphate (PO2) interaction. Overall binding constantswere estimated to be K(SFN–DNA)=3.01 (±0.035)×104M-1and K(SFN–RNA)= 6.63(±0.042)×103M-1. At high SFN concentration (SFN/RNA = 1/1), DNA conformation changedfrom B to A occurred, while RNA remained in A-family structure | 12 | June 2015 | Farzaneh Abassi Joozdani, Faramarz Yari, Parvaneh Abassi Joozdani, Shohreh Nafisi | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277883789_Interaction_of_sulforaphane_with_DNA_and_RNA |
Sulforaphane and its Antioxidative Effects in Broccoli Seeds and Sprouts of Different Cultivars | 8 | January 2020 | Xingang Lv, Guanli Meng, Weina li, Daidi Fan, Xiao Wang, César Alejandro Espinoza, Carlos L Cespedes-Acuña | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338770477_Sulforaphane_and_its_Antioxidative_Effects_in_Broccoli_Seeds_and_Sprouts_of_Different_Cultivars | |
Potential of Sulforaphane as a Natural Immune System Enhancer: A Review | Brassicaceae are an outstanding source of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, polyphenols, essential minerals, isothiocyanates and their precursors, glucosinolates (GSL). Recently, GSL gained great attention because of the health promoting properties of their hydrolysis products: isothiocyanates. Among them, sulforaphane (SFN) became the most attractive one owing to its remarkable health-promoting properties. SFN may prevent different types of cancer and has the ability to improve hypertensive states, to prevent type 2 diabetes–induced cardiomyopathy, and to protect against gastric ulcer. SFN may also help in schizophrenia treatment, and recently it was proposed that SFN has potential to help those who struggle with obesity. The mechanism underlying the health-promoting effect of SFN relates to its indirect action at cellular level by inducing antioxidant and Phase II detoxifying enzymes through the activation of transcription nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like (Nrf2). The effect of SFN on immune response is generating scientific interest, because of its bioavailability, which is much higher than other phytochemicals, and its capacity to induce Nrf2 target genes. Clinical trials suggest that sulforaphane produces favorable results in cases where pharmaceutical products fail. This article provides a revision about the relationship between sulforaphane and immune response in different diseases. Special attention is given to clinical trials related with immune system disorders. | 6 | February 2021 | Andrea Mahn, Antonio Castillo | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348948057_Potential_of_Sulforaphane_as_a_Natural_Immune_System_Enhancer_A_Review |
Sulforaphane induces S-phase arrest and apoptosis via p53-dependent manner in gastric cancer cells | Sulforaphane (SFN) extracted from broccoli sprout has previously been investigated for its potential properties in cancers, however, the underlying mechanisms of the anticancer activity of SFN remain not fully understood. In the present study, we investigate the effects of SFN on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and also the expression of several cell cycle and apoptosis-related genes by MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis in gastric cancer (GC) cells. The results showed that SFN could impair the colony-forming ability in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cell lines compared with the control. In addition, SFN significantly suppressed cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the S phase and enhancing cell apoptosis in GC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot results showed that SFN treatment significantly increased the expression levels of p53, p21 and decreased CDK2 expression, which directly regulated the S phase transition. The Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 genes involved in apoptosis executive functions were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells. These results suggested that SFN-induced S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through p53-dependent manner in GC cells, which suggested that SFN has a potential therapeutic application in the treatment and prevention of GC. | 5 | 28 January 2021 | Yuan Wang, Huazhang Wu, Nannan Dong, Xu Su, Mingxiu Duan, Yaqin Wei, Jun Wei, Gaofeng Liu, Qingjie Peng & Yunli Zhao | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81815-2 |
Sulforaphane: A review of its therapeutic potentials, advances in its nanodelivery, recent patents, and clinical trials | Traditionally, herbal supplements have shown an exceptional potential of desirability for the prevention of diseases and their treatment. Sulforaphane (SFN), an organosulfur compound belongs to the isothiocyanate (ITC) group and is mainly found naturally in cruciferous vegetables. Several studies have now revealed that SFN possesses broad spectrum of activities and has shown extraordinary potential as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, SFN is proven to be less toxic, non-oxidizable, and its administration to individuals is well tolerated, making it an effective natural dietary supplement for clinical trials. SFN has shown its ability to be a promising future drug molecule for the management of various diseases mainly due to its potent antioxidant properties. In recent times, several newer drug delivery systems were designed and developed for this potential molecule in order to enhance its bioavailability, stability, and to reduce its side effects. This review focuses to cover numerous data supporting the wide range of pharmacological activities of SFN, its drug-related issues, and approaches to improve its physicochemical and biological properties, including solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Recent patents and the ongoing clinical trials on SFN are also summarized. | 2 | 28 June 2021 | Bharti Mangla,Shamama Javed,Muhammad Hadi Sultan,Pankaj Kumar,Kanchan Kohli,Asim Najmi,Hassan A. Alhazmi,Mohammed Al Bratty,Waquar Ahsan | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.7176 |